狼...之舞

In-flight icing conditions exist with air temperature below freezing and there is moisture or liquid water droplet in the air. Ice may accumulate or build up on the aircraft fuselage, wings, and wind shields.
大气温度低于冻点，大气中有水分或液态水滴将出现飞行中结冰。冰可能会积聚在飞机机身，机翼，风挡上。

Icing is dangerous because it may affect the performance of the aircraft. First, it may increase the drag and decrease the lift. Second, it may cause damage to the aircraft and cause flight control problems. Third, it may cause engine problems such as engine flameout if ice builds up on the fan blades of engines. Fourth, if the pitot tubes are blocked by ice, it may cause the inaccurate indications of airspeed and altitude.
积冰危险，因为结冰可能影响飞机性能。第一，结冰可能增加阻力，减小升力；第二，结冰可能导致飞机损坏，导致飞行控制问题；第三，积冰可能导致发动机问题，比如，如果冰积聚在发动机风扇叶片上，可能导致发动机失效。第四，如果皮托管被冰堵住，可能导致空速和高度显示不准确。

As I know, there is no indication of icing conditions in the cockpit. But we can check if there is ice on the windshield or wings. If there is ice on the windshield or wings, we are in icing condition. Besides, if icing occurs, the airspeed may be reduced and engine thrust may be reduced.
据我所知，驾驶舱里没有结冰显示，但我们可以检查风挡和机翼看是否有结冰，如果风挡和机翼有冰，我们处在结冰区。此外，如果出现结冰，空速可能减小，发动机动力叶可能减小。

If ice accumulates on the airframe during preflight check, we will report the situation to ATC and request de-icing service. If ice accumulates on wings during flight, we will report the situation to ATC and request change the altitude to leave the icing areas. Then we will turn on the de-icing and anti-icing system.
如果飞行前检查时我们发现机体结冰，我们将报告管制，请求除冰服务。如果飞行中机翼上积冰，我们将报告管制我们的情况，请求改变高度离开结冰区，然后我们将打开除冰防冰系统。

As I know, there are some de-icing systems in the aircraft such as hot  air system (bleed air system), electrical heater and de-icing fluid.
就我所知，飞机上有一些除冰设备，比如热空气系统，电加热器和除冰液。

【Key Words and Expressions重点词汇与词组】

Icing conditions  结冰
Freezing point    冰点
Freezing rain     冻雨
Moisture         水分
Clear ice         明冰
Rime ice         毛冰
Moderate icing   中度结冰
Severe icing     严重结冰
Hail            冰雹
Accumulate      积聚
Ice accumulation  冰积聚
Ice buildup      冰积聚
Increase the drag  增加阻力
Decrease the lift   减小升力
Experience      遭遇
Encounter       遭遇
Be caught in     遭遇
Anti-icing       防冰
De-icing         除冰
Bleed air system  引气系统
Heating system   加热系统
Bleed air leak    引气泄露
Pitot tube        皮托管
Pitot Static heating system
皮托静压加热系统
Decreased airspeed 空速下降
Airspeed error 空速（指示）错误
Altitude error  高度（指示）错误
Patches of ice      冰块
Ridges            冰脊
ruts              冰辙
De-icing vehicle    除冰车
De-icing pad       除冰区
De-icing fluid  除冰液